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<title>Utility tunnel</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Utility tunnel</span></span>

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<p>A <b>utility tunnel</b>, <b>utility corridor</b>, or <b>utilidor</b> is a passage built underground or above ground to carry utility lines such as electricity, <a href="District_heating" title="District heating">steam</a>, water supply pipes, and sewer pipes. Communications utilities like <a href="Fiber_optics" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiber optics">fiber optics</a>, <a href="Cable_television" title="Cable television">cable television</a>, and <a href="Telephone" title="Telephone">telephone</a> cables are also sometimes carried. One may also be referred to as a <b>services tunnel</b>, <b>services trench</b>, <b>services vault</b>, or <b>cable vault.</b> Smaller cable containment is often referred to as a <b>cable duct</b> or <b>underground conduit</b>. <a href="Direct-buried_cable" title="Direct-buried cable">Direct-buried cable</a> is a major alternative to ducts or tunnels.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2></div>

<p>Utility tunnels are common in very cold climates where direct burial below the <a href="Frost_line" title="Frost line">frost line</a> is not feasible (such as in <a href="Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>, where the frost line is often more than 18 ft (5.5 m) below the surface, which is <a href="Permafrost" title="Permafrost">frozen year round</a>). They are also built in places where the <a href="Water_table" title="Water table">water table</a> is too high to bury water and sewer mains, and where <a href="Utility_pole" title="Utility pole">utility poles</a> would be too unsightly or pose a danger (like in <a href="Earthquake" title="Earthquake">earthquake</a> prone <a href="Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>). Tunnels are also built to avoid the disruption caused by recurring construction, repair and upgrading of cables and pipes in direct burial trenches.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Utility tunnels are also often common on large industrial, institutional, or commercial sites, where multiple large-scale services infrastructure (gas, water, power, heat, steam, compressed air, telecommunications cable, etc.) are distributed around the site to multiple buildings, without impeding vehicular or pedestrian traffic above ground. Due to the nature of these services, they may require regular inspection, repair, maintenance, or replacement, and therefore accessible utility tunnels are preferred instead of direct burying of the services in the ground.

</p><p>Utility tunnels range in size from just large enough to accommodate the utility being carried, to very large tunnels that can also accommodate human and even vehicular traffic.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Industrial,_institutional,_and_municipal_environments">Industrial, institutional, and municipal environments</h2></div>

<p>Utility tunnels are often installed in large industrial plants, as well as large institutions, such as universities, hospitals, research labs, and other facilities managed in common. Shared facilities, such as <a href="District_heating" title="District heating">district heating</a>, use <a href="Superheated_steam" title="Superheated steam">superheated steam</a> pipes routed through utility tunnels. On some university campuses, such as the <a href="Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a>, many of the buildings are connected via large underground passages to allow easy movement of people and equipment.

</p><p>Some municipalities, such as <a href="Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a> in the <a href="Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, have installed extensive underground utility tunnels, to allow installation and maintenance of utility lines and equipment without disrupting the historic streets above.

</p><p>Utility tunnels may attract <a href="Urban_exploration" title="Urban exploration">urban explorers</a>, who enjoy investigating hidden complex networks of spaces.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="At_Walt_Disney_World">At Walt Disney World</h2></div>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Disney_utilidor_system" title="Disney utilidor system">Disney utilidor system</a></div>

<p>Some of the largest and most famous utility tunnels are at <a href="The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">Disney</a> <a href="Theme_park" class="mw-redirect" title="Theme park">theme parks</a>. They were first built for <a href="Walt_Disney_World" title="Walt Disney World">Walt Disney World</a>'s <a href="Magic_Kingdom" title="Magic Kingdom">Magic Kingdom</a> in <a href="Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>. Smaller utilidor systems are built under the central section of <a href="Epcot" title="Epcot">Epcot</a>'s Future World, primarily beneath <a href="Spaceship_Earth_(Epcot)" title="Spaceship Earth (Epcot)">Spaceship Earth</a> and <a href="Innoventions_(Epcot)" title="Innoventions (Epcot)">Innoventions</a>, and formerly at <a href="Pleasure_Island_(Walt_Disney_World)" title="Pleasure Island (Walt Disney World)">Pleasure Island</a>. <a href="Disneyland" title="Disneyland">Disneyland</a> also has a small utilidor through <a href="Tomorrowland_(Disney_Parks)" title="Tomorrowland (Disney Parks)">Tomorrowland</a>. The utilidors are a part of Disney's "backstage" (behind-the-scenes) area. They allow Disney employees ("cast members") to perform park support operations, such as trash removal, out of the sight of guests.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arctic_towns">Arctic towns</h2></div>

<p>Utilidors are above-ground enclosed utility conduits that are used in larger communities in the northern polar region where <a href="Permafrost" title="Permafrost">permafrost</a> does not allow the normal practice of burying water and sewer pipes underground. They can in particular be found in <a href="Inuvik" title="Inuvik">Inuvik</a>, Northwest Territories<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="Iqaluit" title="Iqaluit">Iqaluit</a>, Nunavut.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Not all older homes are connected, and these must rely on trucks to deliver water and remove sewage. Most homes in rural Alaska (off the road system) are not equipped with plumbing and require fresh water and waste to be transported by personal vehicle such as <a href="Snowmobile" title="Snowmobile">snowmobile</a> or <a href="All-terrain_vehicle" title="All-terrain vehicle">four-wheeler ATV</a>. Villages with utilidors are considered more advanced.

</p><p>Utilidors may also be used to carry fuel lines, such as natural gas. They are not normally used to carry wiring for electric, telephone, and television service, which are usually suspended from poles.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comparison_with_direct_burial_of_utilities">Comparison with direct burial of utilities</h2></div>

<p>The advantages of utility tunnels are the reduction of maintenance <a href="Manhole" title="Manhole">manholes</a>, one-time relocation, and less <a href="Building_services_engineering" title="Building services engineering">excavation</a> and repair, compared to separate cable ducts for each service. When they are well mapped, they also allow rapid access to all utilities without having to dig access trenches or resort to confused and often inaccurate utility maps.

</p><p>One of the greatest advantages is <a href="Public_safety" class="mw-redirect" title="Public safety">public safety</a>. Underground <a href="Electric_power_transmission" title="Electric power transmission">power lines</a>, whether in common or separate channels, prevent downed utility cables from blocking <a href="Road" title="Road">roads</a>, thus speeding <a href="Emergency" title="Emergency">emergency</a> access after <a href="Natural_disaster" title="Natural disaster">natural disasters</a> such as <a href="Earthquake" title="Earthquake">earthquakes</a>, <a href="Hurricane" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane">hurricanes</a>, and <a href="Tsunami" title="Tsunami">tsunamis</a>.

</p><p>The following table compares the features of utility networks in single purpose buried trenches vs. the features of common ducts or tunnels:

</p>

<th>Utility tunnels

</th>

<th>Direct burial

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td>Higher initial capital cost for construction of tunnels

</td>

<td>Cheaper initial capital cost of burying individual infrastructure

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Easy location of infrastructure

</td>

<td>Difficult location of infrastructure

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Fast maintenance and replacement

</td>

<td>Slow maintenance and replacement

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Less roadworks and traffic as maintenance can be done without disruption of traffic

</td>

<td>Increased roadworks and traffic

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Reduced manholes on roads. Single manhole for all infrastructure

</td>

<td>Large numbers of manholes for various infrastructure types

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Easy to coordinate between different infrastructure

</td>

<td>Hard to coordinate projects between infrastructure providers

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Easy access for maintenance, upgrades and expansion of infrastructure

</td>

<td>Huge labour costs for regular re-burial

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Easy access for maintenance

</td>

<td>Roads constantly need to be excavated for repair of various utilities.

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Reduced future maintenance costs

</td>

<td>Increased risk of disruption

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Shared initial capital costs between infrastructure providers (ie, water, gas, electric)

</td>

<td>Risk of damage to co-located infrastructure (eg: pipes, wiring & cables)

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Reduced impact from outages due to increased maintenance speed

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>The low thermal conductivity of air in tunnels allows heat<br> transmission with less insulation and cheaper standoffs.

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Reduced excavation and labour costs

</td>

<td>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2></div>

<p>Many examples of utility tunnels are found in <a href="Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, where government officials have sought ways to reduce the catastrophic effects of earthquakes in their <a href="Plate_tectonics" title="Plate tectonics">tectonically active</a> country. Their use, however, is not limited to that country, and there are many examples of such utility tunnels. These include:

</p>

<ul><li>Incorporated with <a href="Xinyi_Line_(TRTS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinyi Line (TRTS)">Xinyi</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Sonshan <a href="Taipei_Rapid_Transit_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Taipei Rapid Transit System">MRT</a> <a href="Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">rapid transit</a> lines in <a href="Taipei%2C_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Taipei, Taiwan">Taipei, Taiwan</a>.</li>

<li>Azabu-Hibiya Common Utility Duct in <a href="Tokyo%2C_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokyo, Japan">Tokyo, Japan</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>Minatomirai District lines in <a href="Yokohama%2C_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Yokohama, Japan">Yokohama, Japan</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>Portions of the <a href="Chicago_Tunnel_Company" title="Chicago Tunnel Company">Chicago Tunnel Company</a>'s abandoned network of tunnels are leased to utility companies for use as <a href="Common_utility_duct" class="mw-redirect" title="Common utility duct">common utility ducts</a> for electrical, communication and HVAC lines. The tunnels lie approximately forty feet below the street surface and run under all streets in the <a href="Chicago_Loop" title="Chicago Loop">central business district</a>, except where they were displaced by rapid transit tunnels.</li>

<li><a href="Poundbury" title="Poundbury">Poundbury</a> in <a href="Dorset" title="Dorset">Dorset</a>, England, a <a href="Planned_community" title="Planned community">planned community</a> built on land belonging to <a href="Charles_III" title="Charles III">King Charles</a> as <a href="Duke_of_Cornwall" title="Duke of Cornwall">Duke of Cornwall</a>, incorporates common utility ducts<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>The <a href="Dartford_Cable_Tunnel" title="Dartford Cable Tunnel">Dartford Cable Tunnel</a> allows high voltage electricity line to cross the <a href="River_Thames" title="River Thames">River Thames</a>.</li>

<li>The Utility Tunnels in <a href="Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> built on the <a href="Lusail" title="Lusail">Lusail</a>, 15 km north of Doha, is approximately 14–15 km in length.</li>

<li>The old <a href="Beacon_Hill_Tunnel_(Hong_Kong)" title="Beacon Hill Tunnel (Hong Kong)">Beacon Hill Tunnel</a> in New Kowloon, Hong Kong, a disused railway tunnel which now carries a towngas pipeline</li>

<li>Tunnels of <a href="Hongkong_Electric" class="mw-redirect" title="Hongkong Electric">Hongkong Electric</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>Utility Tunnel in <a href="GIFT_City" title="GIFT City">GIFT City</a>, <a href="Gandhinagar" title="Gandhinagar">Gandhinagar</a>, <a href="India" title="India">India</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2></div>

<div class="gallerytext">Stark utility tunnel in <a href="Zurich%2C_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Zurich, Switzerland">Zurich, Switzerland</a></div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext"><a href="District_heating" title="District heating">District heating</a> tunnel beneath the <a href="Rhein_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhein River">Rhein River</a> in <a href="Cologne%2C_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Cologne, Germany">Cologne, Germany</a></div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">District heating tunnel in <a href="Copenhagen%2C_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Copenhagen, Denmark">Copenhagen, Denmark</a></div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">Red arrow marks a prefabricated element of a utility tunnel already placed in the trench</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">A newly built utility tunnel in <a href="Haifa%2C_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Haifa, Israel">Haifa, Israel</a></div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">Tunnel in <a href="Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a> is shared by pipes and cables</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">Utility passageway between two buildings of a <a href="Ballistic_Missile_Early_Warning_System" title="Ballistic Missile Early Warning System">Ballistic Missile Early Warning System</a> site in Alaska.</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">Utilidors connecting houses in <a href="Inuvik" title="Inuvik">Inuvik</a>, <a href="Northwest_Territories%2C_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwest Territories, Canada">Northwest Territories, Canada</a></div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">Utility Tunnel in <a href="GIFT_City" title="GIFT City">GIFT City</a> <a href="Gandhinagar" title="Gandhinagar">Gandhinagar</a>, <a href="India" title="India">India</a></div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">A utilidor system is used in <a href="Utqia%C4%A1vik%2C_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Utqiaġvik, Alaska">Utqiaġvik, Alaska</a> due to extensive <a href="Permafrost" title="Permafrost">permafrost</a> underlying the city. At right foreground is a portion of the utilidor crossing Okpik Street overhead, adjacent to <a href="Barrow_High_School" title="Barrow High School">Barrow High School</a>.</div>

</li>

</ul>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Utility_tunnels" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Utility tunnels">Utility tunnels</a></span>.</div></div>

</div>

<ul><li><a href="Dartford_Cable_Tunnel" title="Dartford Cable Tunnel">Dartford Cable Tunnel</a></li>

<li><a href="Tunnel" title="Tunnel">Tunnel</a></li>

<li><a href="Underground_city" title="Underground city">Underground city</a></li>

<li><a href="Utility_vault" title="Utility vault">Utility vault</a></li>

<li><a href="Wayfinding_(urban_or_indoor)" title="Wayfinding (urban or indoor)">Wayfinding (urban or indoor)</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.londonpowertunnels.co.uk/why-a-tunnel.asp">"National Grid - Overview - Why a tunnel?"</a>. <a href="National_Grid_plc" title="National Grid plc">National Grid plc</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-03-30</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFD._J._Gamble,_P._Lukomskyj1975" class="citation journal cs1">D. J. Gamble, P. Lukomskyj (June 1975). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/10.1139/l75-016">"Utilidors in the Canadian North"</a></span>. <i>Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering</i>. <b>2</b> (2). Canadian Science Publishing: <span class="nowrap">162–</span>168. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1139%2Fl75-016">10.1139/l75-016</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLola_Sheppard2020" class="citation journal cs1">Lola Sheppard (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7202%2F1081808ar">"Nunavut Urban Futures: Vernaculars, Informality and Tactics (Research Note)"</a>. <i>Études/Inuit/Studies</i>. <b>44</b> (<span class="nowrap">1–</span>2). Centre interuniversitaire d’études et de recherches autochtones (CIÉRA): <span class="nowrap">323–</span>347. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7202%2F1081808ar">10.7202/1081808ar</a></span>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0701-1008">0701-1008</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maa.com.tw/en/markets/infra_cud.asp">"Infrastructures: Common Utility Duct"</a>. MMA Group. 2006. Retrieved November 30, 2014.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bigempire.com/sake/underground_tokyo.html">"Tokyo Underground"</a>. Big Empire. Retrieved November 30, 2014.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.yokohama-landmark.jp/office/english/p08.html">[1]</a>. The Landmark Tower. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090704042636/http://www.yokohama-landmark.jp/office/english/p08.html">Archived</a> July 4, 2009, at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitchell, Sandy (May 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060421175900/http://www7.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0605/feature3/index.html">"Prince Charles–not your typical radical"</a>. <i><a href="National_Geographic_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic (magazine)">National Geographic</a></i></span>

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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131017122249/http://www.hkelectric.com/NR/rdonlyres/2D3E993F-1BD1-4BA5-BDCD-CB1D504DA3DF/0/TunnelFactSheet24September2007.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hkelectric.com/NR/rdonlyres/2D3E993F-1BD1-4BA5-BDCD-CB1D504DA3DF/0/TunnelFactSheet24September2007.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2013-10-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-17</span></span>.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite web}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)</span></span>

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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.financialexpress.com/article/economy/gujarat-international-finance-tec-city-a-smart-gift/53955/">"Gujarat International Finance Tec-city: A Smart GIFT"</a></span>

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